Protein C and S deficiency

Protein C (PC) and S (PS) are specific glycoproteins which work in unison to prevent your blood from clotting too much. They are significant factors of the natural anticoagulant cascade where blood clots form when you have an internal or external injury to ensure you do not bleed too much. They are synthesised in the liver, are reliant on Vitamin K, and are vital to haemostasis in the body.

When you have PC and PS deficiency your blood can clot even when you do not have an injury. The clots usually form in the legs or pelvis, which is called deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Generally, deficiencies in these proteins are acquired, and can develop from:

  • Infections.
  • Liver or kidney disease.
  • A deficiency of vitamin K.
  • Cancer and chemotherapy therapy.
  • Some medications – contraceptives, warfarin, blood thinners.
  • Pregnancy.

Congenital PS or PC deficiency

This form of the disorder is inherited, and presents at birth. PS deficiency is rare, affecting 1 in 20,000 people, however a deficiency with PC is seen in 1 in 300 people. If you have the congenital form of the disorder, blood clots are more likely at a younger age.

Complications from congenital PC and PS deficiency include:

  • Childhood stroke.
  • Recurrent miscarriage.
  • Recurrent blood clots.
  • Pulmonary embolism (blood clot in the lungs). 

References

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Author: Gina Rodgers

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